4J^ 




OUTLINE 



OF 



DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES 



OF THE 



COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY 



FOR THE 



COMMONWEALTH OF 



PENNSYLVANIA 




OUTLINE 



OF 



DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES 

OF THE 

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY 

FOR THE 

COMMONWEALTH OF 
PENNSYLVANIA 






0. of D, 
MAR 8 1918 



^ Inquiries have been so numerous from all 
sections of the country for further information 
concerning the activities of the Committee of 
Public Safety for the Commonwealth of Penn- 
sylvania that it has been found necessary to 
reprint the "Outline of Departmental Activi- 
ties," issued in August, 1917, with appropriate 
revision to make it contemporaneous with the 
Committee's work. 



PENNSYLVANIA COMMISSION 

OF 

PUBLIC SAFETY AND DEFENSE 

Hon. Martin G. Brumbaugh, Chairman 
Hon. Frank B. McClain, Secretary-Treasurer 
Hon. Harmon M. Kephart 
Hon. Charles A. Snyder 
Adj. Gen'l Frank D. Beary 

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY 

for the 

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 

Headquarters 

7th Floor, Finance Building 

Philadelphia, Pa. February 28, 1918. 

ROSTER 

George Wharton Pepper, Chairman 
Lewis E. Beitler, Secretary 
Effingham B. Morris, Treasurer 
Lewis S. Sadler, Executive Manager 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

E. M. C. Africa A. W. Mellon 

W. W. Atterbury Allen P. Perley 

A. C. Dinkey James Scarlett 

Spencer C. Gilbert A. W. Sewall 

H, J. Hayden E. T. Stotesbury 

J. R. McAllister Colonel L. A. Watres 

Mrs. J. Willis Martin 

DEPARTMENTAL HEADS 

General Committee 

Finance 

Arthur E. Newbold, Director 

Publicity 

J. Benjamin Dimmick, Director 

Ernest L. Tustin, Director Speakers' Bureau 

Henry B. Hodge, Chairman Four Minute Men 

Legislation 

Honorable Frank Gunnison, Director 

5 



Allied Bodies 

Dr. S. B. McCormick, Director 

Medicine, Sanitation and Hospitals 

Dr. Hobart a. Hare, Acting Director 
Charlton Yarnall, Vice-Director 

Civic Relief 

Colonel Louis J. Kolb, Director 

Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill, Vice-Director 

Food Supply 

Howard Heinz, Director 
J. S. Crutchfield, Vice-Director 
W. F. Therkildson, Vice-Director 
Thomas Shallcross, Vice-Director 

Materials 

B. Dawson Coleman, Director 

Plants 

George S. Davison, Director 

Motors and Motor Trucks 

David S. Ludlum, Director 

J. Howard Reber, Vice-Director 

Civilian Service and Labor 

Edgar C. Felton, Director 
J. C. Frazee, Vice-Director 

Military Service 

T. DeWitt Cuyler, Director 

Naval Service 

E. Walter Clark, Director 
David Newhall, Vice-Director 

Guards, Police and Inspection 

Lieut. Col. John C. Groome, U. S. A., Director 
William S. Ellis, Acting Director 

Railroads, Electric Railroads, Highways and Waterzuays 
Samuel Rea, Director 
Agnew T. Dice. Vice-Director 
Thomas E. Mitten, Vice-Director 
Moorhead C. Kennedy, Vice-Director 

6 



COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY 

FOR THE 

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 

In active service the Committee of Public Safety for the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania has taken rank as one of the best constructed 
and most efficient of the State bodies created to be war auxiliaries of 
the United States Government. Official Washington has expressed its 
commendation by adopting the Committee as the sole medium through 
which is carried out practically all of the national policies so far as they 
apply to Pennsylvania. 

That the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania reposes similar confidence 
in the war-emergency undertakings as planned and conducted is con- 
tinually expressed by succeeding appropriations to the committee, the 
most recent of which amounted to $312,000. 

To list the successes of the Committee would be to review practically 
all of the noteworthy war-time achievements of the State. In every one 
of them it has participated either as the inspiration or as the directing 
force. Co-ordinated, concentrated effort has been the working policy, 
and so smoothly have the activities proceeded that many remarkable 
results such as exceptional food crop returns, record-breaking army and 
n:ivy recruiting, conservation and war service registration, and wide- 
spread adaptation of industrial and other conditions to the changes pro- 
duced by a state of war, have appeared to be almost spontaneous. 

The Committee was created in March, 1917, by appointment of the 
Governor of the State. It adopted a working plan which concentrates 
activities in five divisions comprising seventeen separate departments, all 
under compact, central executive control. The Committee's work of 
rendering effective State aid to the nation's war effort is financed through 
a legislative appropriation of $2,000,000. Supervision of all expenditures 
out of this State fund is vested in the Pennsylvania Commission of Public 
Safety and Defense, composed of the five highest officers of the State — 
the Governor, the Lieutenant-Governor, the State Treasurer, the Auditor- 
General and the Adjutant-General. The Governor is chairman of this 
Commission. 

Major divisions under which the Committee conducts its activities 
are : Administration, which includes Departments of Finance. Publicity, 
Legislation, and Allied Bodies ; Relief, including Departments of Medi- 
cine. Sanitation and Hospitals, and Civic Relief ; Equipment and Supplies, 
with Departments of Food Supply, Materials, Plants, and Motors and 
Motor Trucks ; Service, with Departments of Civilian Service and Labor, 
Military Service, Naval Service, and Guards, Police and Inspection ; and 
Division of Transportation, with Departments of Railroads, Electric 
Railways and Motors, and Highways and Waterways. The Committee, 
therefore, has a working scope covering practically every field of useful 
endeavor. 



Being the only body possessing State authority to mobilize and con- 
serve all resources essential to the prosecution of the Avar, it obtained 
the willingly granted right to assimilate operations of many useful estab- 
lished organizations and institutions. As necessity demanded these have 
been incorporated almost wholly or in part into the general work as here- 
after described. Activities of official State departments essential to the 
efficiency of the Committee's program are at its command. The Com- 
mittee thus stands as the one body in Pennsylvania with organization 
and authority for carrying out its great and vital work. It represents 
a concentration of effort not paralleled at any other time in Pennsyl- 
vania's history and probably unexcelled by any other State mobilization 
of potential resources. 

There are 70 sub-divisions of the Committee in the 67 counties of 
the State. These sub-committees are duplicates, in organization and 
working scope, of the main Committee. Each sub-committee has one 
salaried officer — an executive secretary — who is responsible for stimu- 
lation of effort in his county, for keeping his committee fully informed 
of the State-wide work in hand, and also for keeping headquarters fully 
acquainted with the activities of his particular committee. 

Including the membership of the county units, the Committee of 
Public Safety is the largest public organization ever created in Penn- 
sylvania. Its roster includes 15,000 of the most prominent and influen- 
tial civilians of the State, whose services are given voluntarily, as 
required, to help the nation win the war. 

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE 

The duties of the Department of Finance obviously call for no 
extended explanation. All requisitioins for expenditures approved by 
the Executive Committee of the Committee of Public Safety must of 
course be finally passed upon by the Commission of Public Safety and 
Defense of the Commonwealth created by the Legislature; and all ac- 
counts of the Committee of Public Safety for Pennsylvania, as an agent 
of the Commission, must be audited by the Auditor-General of Penn- 
sylvania as required by the organic law of the Commonwealth. It is the 
fixed policy of the Commission of Public Safety and Defense of the 
Commonwealth to safeguard the amount appropriated by the Legislature 
in every way against the demands that may arise in the course of the 
arduous task which lies ahead of the country in this war, which cannot 
be estimated at present, but which undoubtedly will be of unprecedented 
magnitude. The strictest economy has, therefore, been observed by both 
the Commission of Public Safety and Defense of the Commonwealth 
and the Committee of Public Safety in confining expenditures to general 
purposes of public safety and defense. Up to the present time approxi- 
mately $215,000 of the $2,000,000 which was appropriated by the General 
Assembly has been spent for all the work accomplished by the Commit- 
tee of Public Safety for Pennsylvania as outlined in the activities of its 
various departments herein set forth. 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICITY 

Assuming its duties coincident with the organization of the Com- 
mittee, the Department of Publicity has closely adhered to its designated 



work of interpreting to the public the Committee's plans and operations, 
and the carrying out of educational propaganda. 

The work is divided, first, into news service and correlated publicity ; 
secondly, speaking activities. The speaking division or Speakers' Bureau 
is affiliated with the national speaking service under the direction of the 
Committee on Public Information, Washington, D. C, and by its incor- 
poration into the Committee of Public Safety illustrates how Federal 
activities function through the Committee. 

In the conduct of speaking activities all of the speakers are enrolled 
as Four Minute Men. The Speakers' Bureau takes charge of all arrange- 
ments for meetings, supplying the halls, motor transportation for 
speakers, the direction of patriotic choruses and similar details, but the 
speakers are furnished from the Four Minute Men. The Four Minute 
Men, as the name implies, are limited to short, intensive addresses when 
they speak in theatres and moving picture houses on topics specially 
assigned from Washington. 

The activities of the Four Minute Men are now familiar to and well 
understood by the public in Pennsylvania. As illustrative of the service 
given by this division it may be stated that in Philadelphia county 160 
speakers were active in promoting the sale of the second Liberty Loan. 
They addressed 1,250,000 persons at seventy-one theatres and 116 other 
meeting places, making in all 1279 speeches. The Committee estimates 
that bond sales directly following the speeches totaled $10,000,000, and 
the sales indirectly resulting therefrom must have reached a much 
higher figure. The work in Philadelphia county is typical of county 
effort throughout the State. 

On the other hand, when addressing meetings organized by the 
Speakers' Bureau they are not limited in point of time and their activities 
are of a general character. Principal aims in this speaking are the coun- 
teracting of seditious influences and the keeping of the fundamental 
issues of the war clearly before the public. 

Because of recognized accomplishment in war emergency work the 
Committee of Public Safety was requested by the Council of National 
Defense, Washington, D. C, to organize the first state division of this 
anti-sedition service. 

Within one month from the time the Committee was requested to 
undertake the work the service was organized, and its members and 
other Public Safety delegates participated in a conference at Phila- 
delphia on December 17 and 18, 1917. This conference was of national 
importance, and formally introduced the anti-sedition speaking movement 
to the country at large. It was addressed by Honorable William C. 
McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, and other prominent persons. The 
procedure so favorably impressed the Federal officials with the capability 
of the Committee to handle big undertakings that they recommended it, 
in press interviews issued later at Washington, D. C, as a model to be 
copied by all of the states. 

A loyalty campaign was conducted in the State during the week of 
January 27, 1918. As an auxiliary of the speaking service there is a 
musical section, under a State Musical Director, which furnishes 
choruses, quartettes and soloists to lead patriotic singing at the meetings. 



Pennsylvania's speaking forces are acknowledged to be the most 
comprehensive and best organized division in the country. There are 
upwards of 2000 speakers enrolled in about 400 district units which 
comprise the service. 

The news service of the Department is fully developed and com- 
prehensive. The plan was adopted of making the service, so far as 
possible, the clearing house for all news relating to general Committee 
activities. There are, of course, well-known established avenues through 
which publicity is usually disseminated, and these have been regularly 
employed. Other methods of keeping the public informed have also 
been devised and utilized with good effect. 

It has been the function of the Department to keep in close touch 
with the details of all work in hand. Therefore it has been able to 
supply timely news announcements to the press and to enlist state-wide 
co-operation with the separate departments. It has also rendered 
occasional service in an advisory capacity to other departments. 

Several hundred separate news stories covering every phase of the 
Committee's undertakings have been furnished to the newspapers of the 
State. The Department has organized, through the generous co-operation 
of the publishers, a system whereby the columns of more than 500 news- 
papers are at the Committee's service to convey important announcements 
and facts to the public. 

This system has been of great value in promoting the activities of 
various departments, particularly the recruiting campaign of the Military 
Service Department, registration for the Civilian Service and Food 
Supply Departments, and also conservation efforts of the Food Depart- 
ment. News stories and appeals prepared and put out by the Publicity 
Department in connection with these activities alone were given news- 
paper space totaling thousands of columns. The assistance of the foreign 
language press has been enlisted, and is used from time to time in 
reaching the large foreign-born population of the State. Translations of 
Committee news announcements are issued at times in as many as five 
different languages for the use of these papers. The Department also 
issues the "Pennsylvania Bulletin," which exploits the more important 
activities of the Committee. 

The Department designs and issues posters and other literature, and 
has devised a method of securing prominent and widespread poster 
display. As an illustration of how posting is specialized, it may be stated 
that posters aiming to speed up the planting of non-perishable crops 
were, through the Department's efforts, strategically placed in two thou- 
sand country general stores throughout the State, as well as in road 
houses, creameries and other places frequented by farmers. 

The poster service includes thousands of drug stores and other 
high-class business houses in the State, which co-operate by displaying 
the Committee's posters in their windows. Regular bill posting service 
has, of course, been used when necessary. 

The Department is in contact with the publicity work of other State 
Committees. To its duties of keeping the public fully informed through 
the newspapers, and in other ways, it has added the duty of keeping the 
directing heads and state-wide subdivisions of the Committee completely 
in touch with the general activities. 

10 



DEPARTMENT OF LEGISLATION 

Duties defined for the Department of Legislation include, interalia, 
the framing of appropriate statutes to give effective force to policies 
or measures adopted by the Executive Committee ; also, their introduc- 
tion into and support before the Legislature. 

One of the bills which enlisted the Department's attention was the 
act of Assembly passed at the last session of the Legislature authorizing 
the creation of the Pennsylvania Home Defense Police. Undoubtedly 
special legislation will be required to meet exigencies which are likely 
to arise from time to time during the continuance of the war. When 
these situations develop it is the Department's function to devise methods 
to cope with them by legislative effort. 

DEPARTMENT OF ALLIED BODIES 

The announced function of the Department of Allied Bodies is to 
relate the activities of the Committee of Public Safety to those of 
organizations whose work is similarly aligned, including correspond- 
ing committees working under appointment in other States. Co-oper- 
ative contact has been established with all organized bodies in 
Pennsylvania. 

The Department has been divided into twelve sections, in charge 
of vice-directors, who guide the co-operative activities of the follow- 
ing societies, organizations and institutions ; patriotic orders and 
associations, of which there are 14 in the State, comprised of about 
2500 separate units; religious bodies, including more than 11,000 
churches and associations ; scientific and other learned societies, num- 
bering 17; fraternal orders, 30 in number, with more than 5300 units; 
agricultural departments and associations, of which there are 6, with 
about 2100 branches ; women's organizations, 16 in all, with about 400 
sections ; labor organizations, including nearly 1900 locals ; firemen's, 
police and public officials' associations, with more than 1000 branches ; 
commercial and manufacturing associations, numbering 5, with 219 
divisions ; professional associations, which total 37, with more than 
200 branches; clubs, 1113 in number; and 46 universities and colleges. 

As a foundation for departmental effort it was necessary to list 
the component units of all of these organizations. This comprehen- 
sive listing, never before attempted, affords a means of conducting 
unusual co-operative work. The Department is summarizing the 
resources and service capacity of these various organizations, together 
with their co-operative work in hand and its territorial extent. 

A service bureau is featured, through which volunteers for war- 
emergency work are advised of the fields in which they may render 
most efficient service. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SANITATION 
AND HOSPITALS 

This Department was organized with a view to co-operating in 
its particular field with State and Federal activities, supplementing 
such co-operation by original effort where necessary. 

The Department's first effort was the compilation and indexing 
of data relating to every organization, institution and profession 

11 



coming within its alignment, whose capacity, operation and personnel 
could in any way be applied to the service of the State and nation in 
war-time. 

Among its special activities which attracted national attention 
was a campaign which the Department inaugurated for the conserva- 
tion of drugs, pharmaceutical supplies and biological products. The 
6000 druggists of the State, also doctors, veterinarians and dentists, 
were solicited by the Department to pledge themselves to prevent 
waste of these products. Overstocking by stores of perishable sup- 
plies, such as anti-toxins and serums, was pronounced a form of waste, 
and was discouraged. Druggists were requested to educate the public 
in home conservation of drugs and remedies, and in this way much 
was done to insure against a drug shortage. The Department's cam- 
paign was endorsed by the American Manufacturers of Pharmaceu- 
tical and Biological Products at a recent convention in New York, 
who urged that similar action be taken in all States. 

Considerable effort was devoted to listing professional men for 
various branches of service. A particularly valuable roster was com- 
piled of dentists, veterinarians and pharmacists, who are willing to 
give special service in emergency. The information obtained includes 
the character and amount of service that each one will give. For 
instance, if the Government were to request a list of dentists willing 
to serve who can speak French, German, Hungarian, Russian and 
almost any other language, the Department can supply such a roster. 
It can also supply complete information about the equipment they 
possess and the amount of such equipment which would be placed at 
the disposal of the Government. This equipment includes hundreds 
of complete outfits, thousands of hand instruments, engines, cabinets 
and other necessary appliances. 

A similar list of pharmacists is possessed by the Department 
which includes many druggists who have large manufacturing facili- 
ties, which they are willing to apply to the country's needs. Some of 
them offer entire buildings for Government use, if necessary. The 
pharmacists include men who can speak almost all European 
languages. 

Complete information has been obtained relating to hospitals, 
homes and other institutions. Essential facts, such as the location, 
ownership, character and equipment of these institutions, and whether 
they are at the disposal of the Government, are on file. 

Institutions and buildings which might be used in emergencies 
as convalescent hospitals are indexed, and the Department, upon 
request, can inform the Government of the best location for reclama- 
tion, detention or hospital camps. This information includes such 
details as approximate size, topography, present condition of the sites, 
and transportation, light and power facilities in each case. Data has 
been compiled concerning sanitary conditions throughout the State. 
The Department has at its call specialists in nursing, sanitation and 
hygiene. 

Realizing that it was essential to insure a constant supply of 
medical officers for the army and navy as well as for the civilian popu- 
lation, in case of the war lasting a number of years, a Statewide 

12 



campaign was made to discourage medical and pre-medical students 
from enlisting prior to the draft. Similar action was taken in behalf 
of dental and veterinary students. All of these, except the pre-medical 
students, were ultimately permitted to enrol in the Enlisted Medical 
Reserve Corps, and thus were enabled to finish their courses in the 
institutions in which they are now registered. 

Sanitary camp sites were secured for a number of Pennsylvania 
military units prior to their departure for the permanent camps. The 
military camps throughout the State were inspected in the interest 
of improved policing and general sanitary conditions, cleanliness of 
the men, etc. ; the State Board of Health inspecting the water supply, 
sewage-disposal and other sanitary installation. 

The Department is in close co-operation with the State Depart- 
ment of Health, the administration of which, under the late Dr. Samuel 
G. Dixon, is so widely and favorably known. It also has service contact 
with a great number of organizations and institutions which enable 
it to apply a wide variety of effort in its particular field without 
duplication or overlapping of the work. 

The matter of establishing reclamation camps in Pennsylvania, 
and especially in Philadelphia, which is one of the large medical 
centers of the United States, has frequently been considered by the 
Committee, but action upon this matter has been deferred until the 
Government authorities decide upon a definite program. 

Among its early activities the Department evolved and manu- 
factured what was pronounced the best type of bandage roller on the 
market, which was supplied to hospitals and organizations for the 
production of large supplies of medical bandages. 

All hospitals in the State possessing sufficient clinical material 
to give competent instruction were encouraged to increase their 
facilities for increasing the number of pupils taking the regular three- 
year course for the thorough training of nurses. Some institutions 
added as many as twenty-five pupils to their normal enrollment. 
Young women were encouraged to enter the regular hospital training 
courses. 

The Department took an active part in promoting the creation 
of auxiliary forces of nurses to supplement trained staffs depleted by 
the war. This was accomplished largely by requesting hospitals 
throughout the State to offer special three months' courses in hospital 
work to women. These courses are given as an elementary training 
to provide a valuable auxiliary nursing force in case of emergency, 
those finishing such courses not to be considered as full-fledged 
nurses. 

The Department aided in securing proper housing facilities for 
soldiers and sailors temporarily or permanently stationed in or near 
Philadelphia. 

Under the direction of the Department arrangements were made 
with the Medical Corps of the United States Army whereby motion 
pictures of athletes were taken in Philadelphia for the study of 
physical movements with reference to military tactics and for the 
purpose of teaching soldiers correct marching, walking, running and 
jumping. The pictures also demonstrate wrong ways of going through 
certain exercises, and reveal the character of injuries and deformities 

13 



resulting therefrom. Several thousand feet of films were taken at the 
same time to illustrate various muscular exercises beneficial to dis- 
abled and wounded soldiers. Arrangements for these experiments 
were made and paraphernalia and athletes secured by the Secretary 
under the direction of the Department. 

Publicly announcing that it constituted "slacking" for physically 
unfit persons to ignore surgical attention which would enable them to 
become more productive workers, the Department advanced a new 
doctrine of efficiency. Rejected draftees were urged to consult their 
family physicians or nearby hospitals where competent medical and 
surgical advice and treatment could be secured for the purpose of 
having such defects remedied. This campaign was subsequently taken 
up by the national authorities and the State campaign discontinued. 

Close co-ordination between the Department and the Medical 
Division of the Pennsylvania Committee of the Council of National 
Defense has recently been arranged under mutually advantageous 
conditions. 

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIC RELIEF 

A comprehensive program anticipating contingencies that may 
be expected to develop in the conduct of war-time Civilian Relief has 
been formulated for this department. There are included measures 
necessary to deal with the social and moral problems incidental to a 
state of war. The co-operation of established social agencies is relied 
upon as part of the general effort. 

The Department has rendered valuable aid to humanitarian 
societies and associations through a special appeal made to the chari- 
table public, urging them not to overlook their customary contribu- 
tions in the stress of war-time conditions. More than 20,000 contribu- 
tors were reached by this appeal, and the response was much 
appreciated by the institutions which otherwise might have been 
seriously handicapped by the withdrawal of subscriptions. 

Philadelphia County has an active Civic Relief unit. Its sub- 
committees on Child Welfare and Recreation are doing unusually fine 
work. 

The Child Welfare Committee has within its field all that aflfects 
the well-being of children up to 16 years of age. The Committee 
recognized, however, that this field is too large to be covered effec- 
tively by a program of immediate action. It therefore decided upon 
the following as essentials: Health — Infants (up to 2 years); chil- 
dren up to school age ; children of school age ; dependency and delin- 
quency ; education and child labor. 

Dealing with each of these is a group of representatives of the 
agencies most concerned. Each group is represented on the Child 
Welfare Committee. 

The Committee as a whole is now concentrating its efforts on the 
reduction of infant morbidity and mortality, believing that this is the 
best starting point. It has listed the factors in infant mortality and is 
attacking each one. 

In this campaign the Committee is utilizing existing agencies and 
their trained workers by bringing them into effective co-operation. 
As the development of the work shows needs not met by existing 

14 



agencies, the fields of the latter will be extended, or volunteers work- 
ing under trained supervision will be employed by the Committee. 

The Sub-Committee on Recreation devises social activities, amuse- 
ments, and as much of the spirit of home life as is possible in such 
circumstances for enlisted men stationed in and about the city. A 
weekly bulletin is published, through which army and navy men are 
kept in touch with recreations and amusements regularly organized 
for their diversion. This bulletin at times lists as many as one hundred 
sources of entertainment, absolutely free to service men. Various 
organizations, clubs and fraternities co-operate in providing these 
entertainments. The Recreation Committee is continually on the 
lookout for new amusements, and aims to keep the men in contact 
with good moral influences. It has booths located at central points, 
which serve as information bureaus for men in the service. In many 
other ways it makes itself of great use to the large military and naval 
force here mobilized. 

Community organization to secure the co-operation and co-ordi- 
nation of existing associations in dealing with matters of public 
concern, such as Americanization of aliens, moral and religious condi- 
tions, etc., is being given consideration. 

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SUPPLY 

The task assigned to this Department was that of awakening the 
people of the State to the seriousness of the world food situation and 
the institution of such measures as would enable Pennsylvania to 
contribute its share to the general relief. 

Organized too late in the season to permit any large accomplish- 
ment in the way of increased production in 1917, it was yet able to do 
much in securing the cultivation of unused land, the substitution of 
necessary vegetable crops for luxuries and co-operation in finding the 
additional man-power necessary to the speeding up of agriculture. 

Among the early activities was a campaign to enlist farmers in a 
movement to make good the wheat shortage by increased acreage of 
corn and other non-perishable crops ; also, to aid in the solution of 
the meat problem by increasing the holdings of live stock and the 
raising of more hogs and hens. 

Encouragement was given to home gardening through the use 
of educational posters and other literature, and expert instructors 
were detailed to the assistance of many communities in this direction. 

The subject of food conservation has received much attention 
from the outset, and among other educational methods employed an 
extensive campaign was undertaken in July and again renewed in the 
autumn to enlist the housewives of the State in the Hoover food- 
saving army by securing their enrollment on pledge cards and the 
later distribution of home direction cards. In this undertaking the 
Department's own working divisions were ably assisted by many 
outside organizations and associations, including police and fire 
departments, and particularly by various women's organizations 
throughout the State. The present registration of Pennsylvania 
women amounts to approximately one million, and more are being 
added daily. 

15 



Hotel and restaurant men have been induced to contribute volun- 
tary aid to the conservation cause by reducing menus, the partial 
elimination of such foods as are required in the prosecution of the 
war and the more extensive service of substitute cereals for wheat 
and of sea foods and vegetables. 

Community markets in cities and automobile roadside markets in 
rural districts have been established at numerous points throughout 
the State as a means of improving food distribution methods, and 
plans are in operation through an expert field force to extend these 
enterprises on a larger scale during the year of 1918. 

Assistance has also been given to farmers in connection with the 
marketing of some of the more important crops, like potatoes, and to 
consumers in the purchase of foodstuffs, by the use of daily bulletins 
in the public press calling attention to those seasonable edibles either 
short or plentiful and to the manner in which price-savings might be 
effected. 

Much attention was given during the summer and fall of 1917 to 
home instruction in preserving, canning and drying as a means to 
avoid the waste of perishable fruits and vegetables, which work was 
co-ordinated throughout with the activities of such permanent State 
organizations as the Department of Agriculture and the Farm Exten- 
sion Bureau and Home Economics divisions of State College. 

Supplementing this work, a demonstration train of three cars, 
especially loaned and fitted for the purpose by the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, was operated over the Pennsylvania Railroad lines throughout 
the State for a period of six weeks. This train was equipped with a 
full crew of Home Economic experts, teaching food conservation under 
the joint auspices of the State Food Department, the United States 
Food Administration and State College. Extension field work for the 
teaching of home economy and methods of war-saving is still going on 
throughout the State. 

A State-wide movement was undertaken in the summer and fall 
of 1917 to obtain a material increase of the winter wheat and rye 
acreage and to secure a better yield of these important cereals and 
other crops through seed selection, the distribution of fertilizers at 
moderate cost and their more intelligent use, as well as by educational 
work in better farming methods in general. A constant effort is also 
maintained to stimulate greater production in the quick-maturing 
meats like hogs and sheep, and to bring about the largest possible 
increase in poultry flocks. 

In line with productive effort a campaign has been undertaken 
to feed Pennsylvania, so far as possible, with Pennsylvania-grown 
crops. This campaign is expected to be doubly effective. In addi- 
tion to stimulating increased production the aim is to eliminate 
unnecessary freight traffic imposed by the hauling of food supplies 
into the State which should be produced therein. 

Recently, at the inspiration of the Department, the Pennsylvania 
Potato Growers' Association was organized to bring together, for 
mutual co-operation and co-ordination of effort, all agencies interested 
in the production, transportation, distribution and utilization of pota- 
toes, and for promoting all phases of potato culture. 

16 



The work of the Department was given the highest Federal com- 
mendation at a Food Conference of Committee representatives, held in 
Philadelphia last September. This was the first war-time conference 
called by any State. It was attended by Federal Food Administrator 
Hoover, who acknowledged that Pennsylvania's food conservation, 
food producing efforts, and general Committee efficiency were 
unsurpassed elsewhere. The Department had at that time registered 
more housekeepers in the food-saving campaign than all of the other 
States of the Union combined. 

A second Food Conference has just adjourned. This conference 
was also held in Philadelphia and brought together all of the Depart- 
ment's county representatives, as well as representatives of the Fed- 
eral Food Administration, to speed up the necessary activities during- 
1918. 

In addition to what has been done to meet emergencies as they 
arise, the Department has welded its component units into a complete 
organization prepared and equipped to give efficient results, and all 
the work of the State organization is now closely co-ordinated with 
that of the United States Food Administration. The Director of the 
Department is also the Federal Food Administrator for Pennsylvania. 

DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS 

As part of its work, the Department of Materials will undertake 
to determine with exactness the available resources of the State in 
minerals and in materials which enter into industrial processes. 

A comprehensive outline of the Department's working program 
is not presented at this time, nor is the Department in a state of 
activity, because the Council of National Defense, for reasons related 
to the conduct of its own activities, has requested delay in putting the 
plans into active operation. ». 

DEPARTMENT OF PLANTS 

A survey of the industrial capacity of the State's manufacturing 
establishments and co-ordination of their productive efforts fall 
within the working scope of the Department of Plants. Under the 
designation of plants is included, of course, all establishments whose 
output may be applied in any way to the prosecution of the war. 

The situation with reference to the work of this Department 
duplicates the status of the Department of Materials : Active opera- 
tions have been deferred at the suggestion of the Council of National 
Defense. 

DEPARTMENT OF MOTORS AND MOTOR TRUCKS 

The Department of Motors and Motor Trucks began its work by 
making an exhaustive inventory of the motor resources of the Com- 
monwealth, the object being to organize a comprehensive motor 
service available in meeting any and all emergencies. 

Many of the county divisions of the Department have worked 
out a program which will provide their respective districts with a 
motor service for transportation of policemen, soldiers, ammunition 
and material in case of riots or disturbances. The possibility of util- 
izing this service to supplement railroad facilities should the rail 

17 



service for any reason become inefficient has also been kept in view. 
Consideration has also been given to a motor service plan for the 
quick movement of crops during the harvest season. 

The inventory of motor vehicles includes a service registry of 25 
per cent, of the pleasure cars. An inventory of drivers for volunteer 
service has also been made. The motor service plan includes an 
emergency division for active service day or night, with owners and 
drivers pledged to give immediate response to service calls. Counties 
have been given a free hand to perfect emergency motor service to 
suit their individual requirements. 

That the Department has an organization capable of coping with 
big emergency work was illustrated when the Second Field Artillery 
— a Philadelphia big-gun regiment — received orders to mobilize early 
last year. At short notice, through its Philadelphia Division, the 
Department supplied sixty motor trucks and transported 1300 artil- 
lerymen, batteries of heavy howitzers and a vast amount of stores and 
equipment from the armory in the center of the city to a mobilization 
camp>ten miles distant. The work was accomplished in a few hours, 
despite very unfavorable weather conditions, and without a single 
mishap, breakdown or delay. High appreciation was expressed by 
Colonel H. D. Turner, commanding the regiment. 

Another notable illustration of the Department's capacity to 
dispose of emergency calls was the work of the Chester Division 
during disturbances in that city. In response to a hurry call from the 
Mayor, the division put into service twenty-four motor vehicles, which 
were used to transport guards, police and State police. The service 
was so effective in assisting the authorities to keep disorder in check 
that its continuance was requested, and granted until the trouble had 
been suppressed. Many cars and trucks remained in service all night 
during the most violent periods of the outbreak. The great value of 
the service rendered was publicly acknowledged by Mayor McDowell. 

Motorists throughout the State have also been enlisted in an 
important war-time service. At the call of the Department the county 
units have undertaken to keep Pennsylvania's main highways open to 
traffic throughout the winter. Freeing of the highways from snow 
blockades has already been of value to the War Department. The 
first test run of a war-truck convoy from Detroit to an Atlantic port 
was successful, principally because of the Committee's work in pro- 
viding an unobstructed route. More than half of the journey lay 
through Pennsylvania. Very heavy snows preceded the arrival of the 
convoy and caused delays elsewhere, but Pennsylvania's roads were 
kept passable. In some places drifts eight feet high were cleared 
away. The route lay through eight Pennsylvania counties, in each 
one of which the local committees made every provision for the speed- 
ing of the convoy to its destination. The crews were housed and fed 
and the trucks were overhauled in accordance with a program pre- 
arranged by the Committee. Patriotic demonstrations were also a 
feature. The convoy maintained schedule time throughout its trip 
in the State, which was in strong contrast with the delays it encoun- 
tered on other portions of its journey. The War Department, in 
appreciation of the service rendered, warmly commended the Com- 
mittee's work in press announcements issued at Washington, D. C. 

18 



A second war-truck convoy passing through a different portion 
of the State, including Philadelphia, was enabled to cut down its 
running schedule more than one-half a day through the service ren- 
dered by the Department in providing accommodations and food for 
the operating crews at short notice and furnishing pilots over the best 
and most direct line of travel. In this instance the driver of each 
truck was given a printed route guide, prepared by the Department, 
to insure against delays through drivers losing their way. 

DEPARTMENT OF CIVILIAN SERVICE AND LABOR 

The working plan adopted for the Department of Civilian Service 
and Labor gives it supervision over all matters pertaining to the study 
and control of labor problems. 

In this Department is again illustrated the close co-ordination of 
State and Federal effort. The Director of the Department is also 
United States Director of Employment for Pennsylvania, thus insur- 
ing against friction or duplication of effort. He is also Federal Examiner 
for the Delaware Valley Shipbuilding industry with power of recom- 
mendation to the Board of Mediation. 

To cope with the various problems of the Department's work six 
superintendencies were created, controlling four separate bureaus and 
two divisions, these being placed in charge of experts. The bureaus 
are Labor Relations, Organization, Instruction and Employment. 
Apart from the bureaus are the two divisions which supervise the 
work of industrial reserves of men and boys, and also of women. The 
duties defined for these several bureaus and divisions are as follows : 

Bureau of Labor. — This Bureau is handling all problems arising 
in connection with alien labor, and also questions of conciliation and 
mediation between employer and employe. 

Bureau of Organization. — The duty of this Bureau is the creation 
of working reserves and the incidental compilation of records and 
information. It also systematizes official relationships and new activi- 
ties as they are undertaken. 

Bureau of Instruction. — This Bureau organizes the methods of 
instruction and training designed to increase labor efficiency. It also 
supervises the employment of minors enrolled in the United States 
Boys' Working Reserve. It is entrusted with the work of providing 
recreational facilities, and also of promoting the physical training, 
where necessary, to prepare prospective workers for various forms of 
arduous employments. 

Bureau of Employment. — To this Bureau is assigned the duty of 
organizing and supervising local employment offices throughout the 
State which serve as clearing houses for industrial needs. All Federal 
and State employment offices in Pennsylvania are conducted under 
the jurisdiction of the Department. The State has been divided into 
six employment zones, with a central office in each zone. Branch 
offices are also in operation, making a total of seventeen now co-ordi- 
nating their work. In this work the Pennsylvania Department of 
Labor and Industry has joined forces with the Committee, and the 
co-operative labor offices represent the National Government, the 
State and the Committee of Public Safety in adjusting labor supplies 
to industrial requirements. 

19 



Under the zone system each zone superintendent keeps in touch 
with the labor needs of his district and endeavors to meet all calls for 
workers with the reserves of his particular zone. Should they not 
supply sufficient labor, adjoining zones are asked for assistance, and, 
if necessary, the entire State system may be called upon to make good 
the shortage. The Superintendent of Employment of the State 
Department of Labor is also superintendent of the co-operative labor 
offices, and has a clearing house at Harrisburg through which he is 
kept in direct touch with the industrial needs of all of the zones. 

Through this service almost 12,000 workers were placed in 
positions during January, 1918. Approximately 50 per cent, of the 
placements were skilled workers for manufacturing plants, especially 
those producing war munitions ; 30 per cent, of the placements were 
unskilled workers and 15 per cent, were office workers. Only 2400 
placements were made in the entire State during September, 1917, 
before the co-operative employment system had been put into general 
operation. 

Many large industrial establishments, especially shipyards, have 
been obtaining a very large proportion of their workers through these 
offices. Three shipyards have representatives stationed at the Phila- 
delphia office to recruit workers applying for employment there, and 
other large plants have signified their intention of adopting this plan. 
Contact is established with 2000 industrial firms through a system of 
"Works Correspondents." These correspondents were appointed by 
the various concerns at the request of the Department, and keep it in 
touch with their labor needs. The county units of the Department 
also keep headquarters posted on industrial conditions through labor 
surveys which are made from time to time. Agricultural needs are 
reported by county farm agents, and they accept requests for farm labor 
for transmission to the various local employment offices. 

In one of the zones emergency farm labor was supplied through 
the superintendent's efforts in organizing working groups of business 
men, who hired themselves out to farmers on Sundays for a number 
of weeks and were of great service in harvesting the crops. On one 
occasion about 300 business men were thus engaged. 

The United States Department of Agriculture has appointed a 
farm help specialist to devise methods of supplying farmers with 
adequate labor during the coming year, and this specialist is making 
his headquarters with the Department and utilizing its facilities to 
promote his work. 

An enrollment of boys in the United States Boys* Working 
Reserve was effected during the summer of 1917 by the Bureau of 
Organization. Many of these boys were placed in service in agricul- 
tural sections and their work was of considerable value in relieving a 
farm labor crisis. Plans are now under way greatly to increase this 
enrollment. The organization of a comprehensive system of farm 
camps, under the auspices of this reserve, is now in hand, $50,000 
having been provided for this purpose. Agricultural training will be 
given at the camps, and it is hoped that the utilization of "boy power" 
will accomplish much toward the solution of the agricultural problem 
during the coming season. 

20 



The urgent need of supplying agricultural labor has been recognized 
by the creation of a new section of the Department, a section on Agricul- 
tural Labor Service. Through this section agricultural labor service 
committees are being organized in the various counties and county and 
district managers of farm labor are being appointed. It is the special 
function of each county manager for farm labor to act as agricultural 
exchange agent in his county, to co-operate with the Federal and State 
employment service already in operation and with the Farm Agents 
now serving officially; to obtain detailed particulars of the needs of 
farmers for labor and to handle the placement of such labor as may be 
available. 

Drives will be conducted by the U. S. Public Service Reserve, the 
U. S. Boys' Working Reserve and the Pennsylvania Division, Women's 
Committee, Council of National Defense, to supply emergency workers 
for farm service in addition to the regular placements. 

Likewise, a program calling for a heavy general enrollment of men 
in the United States Public Service Reserve is being made effective. Re- 
serve enrollment offices are being operated in a great many counties, and 
special eflforts have been made to enrol mechanics of all classes for 
emergency service. The Reserve has recruited several hundred motor 
mechanics for service in the aviation section of the United States 
Army Signal Corps. 

In co-operation with the Pennsylvania Division, Women's Com- 
mittee, Council of National Defense, the Department made a State- 
wide effort resulting in the enrollment of many thousands of women 
for patriotic service. Plans for utilizing the labor reserve thus created 
are being framed by the superintendent of the division for women. 

In effecting this large enrollment of women thousands of posters 
and hundreds of thousands of cards, leaflets and other publicity 
material were issued. Registration centers were opened in cities 
and counties, and the assistance of all women's organizations was 
enlisted. Exceptionally notable results were obtained in many 
sections. In Allegheny County, for example, the registration of 
women was conducted at the polling places, a day being set apart and 
the work being undertaken on the principle of handling an election. 

The Pennsylvania Division, Women's Committee, Council of 
National Defense, which had charge of the enrollment, is closely 
affiliated with the Committee of Public Safety and co-ordinates its 
activities thereto. 

As further evidence of Federal reliance in the ability of the 
Department to handle any or all work incidental to the promotion of 
industrial efficiency, the United States Department of Labor recently 
appointed the Civilian Service Department's Vice-Director as chair- 
man of a Pennsylvania Committee on Industrial Training for War 
Emergency. This Committee has had conferences with many large 
employers of labor, and is devising methods of industrial training 
suitable for introduction into various industries. 

DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY SERVICE 

The primary duty outlined for this Department in the General 
Committee's plan was co-operation with the Federal Government in 
the creation of the National Army. In this work the Department 

21 



took an active part until the Government assumed entire control of 
all phases of the military service. 

Registration of eligibles for the selective draft brought into play 
the services of the Department soon after the Committee of Public 
Safety was organized. Recruiting efforts to bring the regular army 
and the National Guard up to full strength provided another oppor- 
tunity for service. In both instances the Department's work is 
conceded to have contributed very largely to the remarkable registra- 
tion and recruiting standards set by Pennsylvania. An analysis of the 
national recruiting figures discloses that Pennsylvania leads all States 
in the number of men enlisting in the regular army. In registration 
for selective service the State practically made a 100 per cent, return 
of eligibles. 

Registration work was conducted along these lines : Directors 
of registration were named in the various counties and were placed in 
charge of the preliminary campaign to insure registration of all 
eligibles. Daily instructions issued from headquarters were carried 
out effectively by the county units. Twenty-five thousand copies of 
a three-color poster, 250,000 handbills, thousands of warning bulletins 
and other forms of publicity were employed to keep the day and date 
of registration before the public. 

It was at the request of this Department that the Postmaster 
General permitted free delivery of registration literature by rural mail- 
carriers, a concession which was of immense benefit to registration 
work throughout the United States. 

In many of the counties advance lists of known eligibles were 
prepared and other precautionary measures were taken to prevent 
registration delinquency. In many counties the registration workers 
either directly provided motor transportation or induced firms and 
organizations to provide such transportation as a means to speed up 
the enrollment of men within the prescribed age limit for military 
service. 

Recruiting of the Guard and regular army was aided by a care- 
fully planned campaign. Every form of publicity was employed, 
including the issuance of 70,000 recruiting posters and 200,000 leaflets 
adapted to the particular recruiting use of various Guard regiments. 
The newspapers loyally supported the effort by the publication of 
daily news stories. A special two-column Guard recruiting story, 
prepared for the Department, appeared in a great majority of the 600 
newspapers of the State. Philadelphia regiments in need of special 
assistance were aided by the posting throughout the city of 24-sheet 
posters and by the placing of correspondingly large signs on the 
armories. Motor service was also supplied for their recruiting forces. 
The assistance given to the Guard was highly praised by the various 
regimental commanders in letters to the Director of the Department. 

Naturally, the method prescribed by law for bringing the National 
Armies up to designated war strength superseded the other forms of 
recruiting activity, and in consequence such services were not required 
of the Department after the draft system became effective. Should, 
however, it be called upon for any effort of a military character it is 
possessed of an effective State organization which is capable of con- 
tinued usefulness. 

22 



It has now taken up the request of the British War Commission 
for assistance in inducing subjects of Great Britain and Canada 
located in the United States to enlist. In this connection the atten- 
tion of employers of allied alien labor must be called to the importance 
of bringing to the notice of such employes the need of their responding 
to their country's call. 

The call to the colors reached the Department itself, and General 
Avery D. Andrews, its former Director, entered the service in France 
as Colonel of Engineers, U. S. A. 

DEPARTMENT OF NAVAL SERVICE 

Recruiting for the Navy, the Naval Militia and the Naval Coast 
Defense Reserve, and the creation of auxiliary defense fleets, are the 
principal lines along which the activities of this Department were and 
are being concentrated. 

A naval recruiting campaign was undertaken soon after the 
organization of the Department which resulted in fully 5000 men 
being enrolled by June 15th last. This by no means represents the 
extent to which the recruiting efforts could have been carried, as 
owing to lack of naval housing facilities in this district the Depart- 
ment was practically forced temporarily to suspend its recruiting 
work. Indications were that 25,000 men would have been enrolled by 
a continuance of the campaign. 

At one time there were seventy enrollment stations open for the 
distribution of recruiting literature and information. Recruiting trips 
were made up and down the Delaware River, securing a large number 
of men. Ten thousand window cards, 60,000 booklets and many 
thousand leaflets were used in the publicity effort. 

After several thousand men had been enrolled in the reserve, the 
need of a camp for housing and training the recruits became apparent, 
and the Department secured a desirable site near Cape May at a 
nominal rental of $1 for the duration of the war, which has been 
equipped to accommodate 2000 men. The work of arranging for all 
the necessary camp facilities was handled by the Department. 
Through its efforts an expensive railroad siding was constructed by 
the Reading without cost to the Government. 

Some of the other achievements were the listing of boats in the 
district available for coast defense work, some of which were subse- 
quently taken over by the navy as mine sweepers. 

The co-operation of tugboat owners and the proffer of a number 
of these boats for naval service were also obtained. Assistance was 
given to naval training classes of the University of Pennsylvania in 
drill work. 

Largely as a result of the Department's activities the city made a 
generous appropriation to improve sanitary conditions in and around 
League Island Navy Yard by the abatement of the fly and mosquito 
nuisance. Also as a result of its work additional barracks at the Navy 
Yard to house 5000 men was provided. 

The organization is in contact with similar departments in other 
States and is prepared for a continuance of activities as occasion 
demands. 

23 



DEPARTMENT OF GUARDS, POLICE AND INSPECTION 

Providing for an auxiliary police service to supplement existing 
forces was designated as one of the principal aims of this Department. 
The Governor's signature, on July 18, 1917, to an act of Assembly 
giving the necessary authority for the creation of a Home Defense 
Police force, permitted enrollment to begin, but circumstances over 
which the Department had no control served to impede the work. At 
the present time, however, twenty-three counties possess Defense 
Police units, with a total enrollment of 4400 men. Members of the De- 
fense Police are duly commissioned and sworn in, and have all the 
powers of policemen of first-class cities. 

The county plan of organization follows the headquarters and 
platoon system, headquarters being centrally located and platoons 
strategically placed to cover the designated territory and for rapid 
concentration in case the entire county forces are needed for service in 
any particular section. Enrollment includes owners of motor vehicles, 
who provide emergency transportation. 

In enrolling members, fitness is first passed upon in the local units 
and is subject to approval of the Director of the Department. Members 
are separately commissioned by the Governor and invested with this 
specific authority : 

To prevent injury and destruction to the various industries of the 
Commonwealth by enemies' acts ; to suppress riots and tumults ; to 
preserve public peace and safety ; and to arrest upon view, without 
warrant, any person apprehended in the commission of any ofTense 
against the laws of the State or of the United States. The official 
insignia are an arm band and a badge. The arm band is worn only 
when its owner is on active duty, and the badge is worn visibly at such 
times. Members, however, keep their badges with them at all times 
as evidence of their authority to make arrests should they witness 
violation of the statutes when off duty. The arm band bears the coat 
of arms of Pennsylvania. Police equipment includes a "billy" and a 
whistle. Insignia and equipment are furnished without cost to the 
police by the Committee of Public Safety. 

Under the plan of organization county forces are separate from 
those of the larger cities. Philadelphia and Pittsburgh have control 
of their own Defense Police independent of the general State system, 
bu.t all other Defense Police come under authority of this Department. 

Chiefs of police are in command in cities, township officers in 
first-class townships and authorized county officials have control else- 
where. Men of military, naval or police experience have been given 
preference in the appointment of officers. 

Members are, of course, officially enrolled for local service only, 
but as the force is on a volunteer basis they may volunteer for tem- 
porary service in any part of the State should occasion require the 
mobilization of special forces to handle an extraordinary situation. 

Competent drill masters are giving military instruction and drill 
in riot, fire and other police duties. County headquarters report direct 
to the Philadelphia headquarters of the Department, thus keeping the 
Director informed of local operations and enabling him to supervise 
mobilization movements and direct efforts in case of necessity. The 

24 



enrollment is open to men between the ages of 21 and 60 years who, 
from various causes, may be ineligible for regular military service. 

The organizer of the force, Lieutenant Colonel John C. Groome, 
who also organized and commands the famous Pennsylvania State 
Police, has recently been commissioned to his present rank in the 
Signal Corps, U. S. A. 

DEPARTMENT OF RAILROADS 

In the creation of the Department of Railroads it was recognized 
that the railroad problem during war-time is primarily of national 
concern, and that State activity should be merged with Federal effort. 
Naturally, the Department formulated plans and proceeded with its 
work as an integral unit of the greater national system of railroads. 
The recent action of the Government in assuming entire control and 
direction of the roads has, of course, supplanted all other operating 
activities and has relieved all State committees of the necessity of 
giving special attention to the subject of railroad service. 

It may not be inappropriate to state that the Director of this 
Department was one of the group of railroad presidents into whose 
control was submitted the management for war purposes of the entire 
railroad mileage of the country before a Federal director was named. 
His expert knowledge and guidance are still relied upon to assist the 
Government in exercising its control and operations of the national 
railroads. 

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC RAILWAYS AND MOTORS 

The importance of electric railways as war auxiliaries of the 
steam roads is obvious, hence the organization of a separate depart- 
ment^to co-orfjinate the operations of the State-wide electric systems 
and to arrange for service contact between the steam and electric 
roads in case of necessity. 

The possibilities of electric motor transportation are of wide 
range, particularly the capacity of the electric roads to take care of 
traffic essential only to the business of the State, leaving the railroads 
free to assume a greater share of Government transportation. 

Ways and means of meeting the present problems are being 
analyzed and considered. In this connection it is well to remember 
that the electric railways of the State, in common with all steam and 
electric railway carriers of the country, have been suddenly confronted 
with a super-normal demand upon their facilities at a time when the 
scarcity in the labor market and the delays in the delivery of materials 
have made impossible the immediate securing of additional equipment 
or even the full maintenance of usual standards in the repair and 
operation of the present facilities. 

At this time also the United States Government and the State 
Fuel Administration are imposing upon public utilities the strictest 
conservation of coal, and recommend curtailment of the schedules and 
heating regulations wherever there is wastage that can be prevented. 

But the electric railway interests of Pennsylvania are keenly alive 
to the situation and may be relied upon to do their full share in meet- 
ing the particular problems in transportation falling upon them 
because of the national crisis. 

25 



DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AND WATERWAYS 

The Department of Highways and Waterways was created to 
inquire into the availability of rivers, canals and highways of Pennsyl- 
vania as transportation resources ; to give consideration to their util- 
ization and, to the solution of problems arising therefrom, and in par- 
ticular to give careful study to the condition of roads throughout the 
State. 

As there are official State organizations and departments charged 
with direct responsibility for the construction, maintenance and con- 
trol of these arteries of traffic, many phases of the Department's work 
are limited to co-operative effort. In this connection it has found 
opportunity to render service of immediate benefit to several districts 
and also of general benefit in the State-wide plan of improved trans- 
portation facilities. 

Partly as a result of the Department's efforts the State Highway 
Commission repaired the road from Johnstown to the Lincoln High- 
way, a distance of eighteen miles. Similar development of other high- 
ways was effected. 

Other activities of the Department include consideration of legis- 
lation for general road improvement. The Department is in close 
working contact with the Department of Motors and Motor Trucks, 
and their activities are merged to prevent overlapping of efforts where 
activities of both Departments relate to highway matters. It is pre- 
pared to act in an advisory or supervisory capacity where improve- 
ments are planned or undertaken. 

The facilities for transportation furnished by the State waterways 
are extensive and varied, and their co-ordination with rail facilities re- 
quires much detailed study. It is part of the Department's program to as- 
sist in disposing of such problems of co-ordination. Survey of the water- 
ways is necessary to furnish a comprehensive report upon physical 
features, capacity of movement, possible methods of providing con- 
nections to link up a useful network of water routes and essential 
data relating thereto. The Department, however, has not undertaken 
such a survey for the reason that such effort would duplicate the work 
of the Commitee on Inland Water Transportation appointed by the 
Council of National Defense. It is, however, the Department's aim to 
lend every aid to that Committee and to assist the Federal inquiry into 
the subject which has been ordered bv Director General McAdoo. 



26 



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Allied Bodies 


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Medicine, Sanitation and Hospitals ^ 

Civic Relief '^ 

Food Supply ^ 

Materials °° 

Plants ^ 

Motors and Motor Trucks *=* 

Civilian Service and Labor ^ 

Military Service <^ 

Naval Service Zl 

Guards, Police and Inspection •*>• 



O 

O 






5.< 



o 

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X 

o 

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25 



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27 



Address of 
HERBERT C. HOOVER 

toth* 

FOOD CONFERENCE 

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SUPPLY 

Committee of Public Safety for the Commonwealth of 
Pemisylvania 

"Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Early in the month of 
June, when I was asked to undertake this particular task, I and the men 
whom I assembled around me at the moment, made a short survey of the 
situation by way of organization throughout the United States. We 
came early to the State of Pennsylvania in our wanderings, and after 
making a short study of the organization of the State, we determined 
that if we could annex the Committee of Public Safety to the Food Ad- 
ministration, we wouldhave no further anxiety as to Pennsylvania, and 
also that we had settled the question of organization for ten per cent, of 
the people of the United States. 

"We were in no uncertain mind as to that because of the character 
of the organization and the way it was built. We were confident that it 
was safe and sane and would carrj' the message, and carry out the work; 
so I come here today with the assumption that you have been annexed to 
the Food Administration. 

"You have been doi"" ""--vi Administration for the ' 

'■' ••'•Admini'^*' 



28 



PENNA. SAFETY BOARD DOING 
BIG WORK, SAYS M'ADOO 

'An Organization of Remarkable Thoroness,' Secretary Declares; 
Defense Delegate Calls It Model for Other States 



special Dispsfch to Tht S'ortli .iiMcrkan 

■WASHINGTON', Dec. 22— "Pennsyl- 
vania's committee, of public safety is 
doing a tremendous woiU in the mobi- 
lization of the state's resources for tha 
war. It is an organization ot remark- 
able thoroness and cfflciencj". It Is doing 
big things in a big way." 

ThlB was the word brouglit back to 
Washington by Secretary McAdoo, who 
attended the conference of the commit- 
tee of public safety In PliUadelphla this 
week. Other representatives ot the gov- 
ernment at the conferences warmly 
praised the committee as a war agency. 
Arthur K. Eestor, who represented the 
council of national defense, said today: 

"After a nationwide survey and first- 
hand Information tliat I have obtained 
by direct contact witli many war emerg- 
ency bodies, 1 am glad to say that there 
is not In the United States, in my 
opinion, a more compact and efficient 
organization for the conduct of the war 
activities than the Pennsylvania com- 
mittee of public safety. 

"If we could duplicate In every state 
the organization of the Pennsylvania 
committee for carrying on patriotic edu- 
cation, we should soon mobilize public 
opinion, combat traitorous propaganda 
*nd thereby find muoh easier the solu- 
tion of many problems involving na- 
tional co-ordination ' and enthusiastic 
popular 3upi>*rt. 

X have just returned from Philadel- 



phia, where I participated in the con- 
ferenres of public safely committee 
delegates from the sixty-seven counties 
of Pennsylvania. It was beyond ques- 
tion the most Impressive showing ot ef- 
ficient organization for the purposes] 
for which the national and state de-^ 
tense councils were created that I have' 
encountered. ' 

. "The inauguration at the Union. 
League of the speakers' bureau against- 
seditious Influences resulte^ in one of-- 
the most remarkable sessions it has 
been my privilege to attend. The re- 
ception accorded to Secretary McAdoo 
revealed a splendul unanimity of pur- 
pose In Pennsylvania, irrespective ot 
party, creed or social standing. 

"In speed and thoroness of it* ori 
ganlzatloij of a speakers' division to 
co-operate with our national speakexa'- 
bureau, , the" Pennsylvanl-a commlttoo 
has rhade a new. record. Its speakers* 
conference demonstrated that the mojh- 
bers of that division have a correct 
perception of the task ahead of them, 
tliat they have the machinery to under- 
take it and the guidance to carry it to 
success. 

"The- Pennsylvania organization Im- 
pressed me with its splendid efflciency 
both in its collective membership and 
its leadef^a and-Indlyldual members. It 
l^as scope and plan of action, which 
could profitably be copied by all of tJio . 
states." 



29 



PATRIOTISM 
MARKED' ROUTE 
OF WAR TRUCKS 

Government Officials Praise 
Efficient Work of Penn- 
sylvania Comniittefe 

TKILIIPHAL PEOGRESS 



Br LOUIS W STRAltR, 

Staff Corrrapondent 
CMclal Prom The Dispatch Bureau] 

WASHINGTON, D C, Jan &-ATilb 
inly ^ f 3W days elapsing since Secretary 
McAdoo' and other high ofiScials of the 
Government congratulated the Pennsyl- 
vania-^'omjnittee of Public Safety upon 
!l8 ability to <io "big tlYings in a , big 
■*ily," the committee is r^-eiving further 
fonuoendation for another detnonstra^ 
tion of- effitiency. This' time it is the 
(^uar|crmQ9ter'8 Department that be- 
stows praise. The service in which the 
Pcnnnyivania committee gained new dis- 
tin(;tioii -was in its aid to the war truck 
convoys which recently completed a test 
run from Detroit to au . Atlantic port. 

The longest stage of the Qonvoyft' jour- 
ney lay througli Pennsylvania., Due to 
the Public S^ety Committ^'s prepar- 
edness, that section of the 'route was 
covered with railroad time-table preci- 
sion and without mishap or delay of any 
•kind despite intense w.eather handicaps 
»nd other adverse conditions. The heavy 
^nows; that impeded the convoy else- 
where were not permitted to choke the 
roads of Pennsj-lvania. In eorpe places 
ro^fla '■ .were freed 'of .drifts eight feet 
deep to give passage to the trucks. Not 
only wao the trail kept open but the 
b«u«ing and entertainment of the crews 
and the overhauling of the trucks were 
carried out on a prearranged schedule. 

Patriotic Ovation 

A feature that contributed in no small 
we^y to the efficiency of the operation ot 
the ' convoy was the stirring patriotic 
oVation given by Public Safety represen- 
tatives during its passage through Penn- 
sylrania. This reception was in such 
strong contrast to the scant welcome 
accorded elewhere that it wa* especially 
commented upon by Captain Bennett 
Brottson, in command of the convoy.^ At 
the request of the Pennsylvania Com- 
mittee of I'ublic Safety, hotels, theaters 
and clubs along the route, disr>ensed 
free iiospitality. 



WTien-the test run ■ was scheduled the 
Quartermaster General's Department 
through the Council of National Defense, 
notifi&d the defense committees of the 
States in which the route lay to make, 
alj necessary preparations to insure a.n 
unimpeded 'run. The route traversed' 
eight Pennsylvania . counties, beginning 
at ■ a poiiit midway on the Ohio boun- 
dary ' and passes sotkheasterly across 
twojthirdfl the length of the State. The 
Pentisylvania Public Safety Committed' 
instructed, its local units in these couiv, 
ties to prepare a clear right-of-ivay ft* 
thb • conV<jy. Complete arrangcment*| 
were made a week in advance^ of the 
run as fbllov*;. 

Given Warm Welcome. 

When the truck train entered Bpa»er' 
C<niaty, at the Ohio State line on Jtei 
cember 20, relays; of horses. >'ad ?>ee'ti «e*: 
cnred and were in reewliness to help the 
trtick* on- icy grades, from which' snow 
Vttd ■ been removed by the local commit- 
tee. High school boys and bther voluii/- 
teers bad assisted in opening a passage 
through exceptionally- heavy - drifts. 
Guards were placed at all railroad cross- 
ing to .prevent accidents such as Jjad 
resulted in the demolition of a truck 
ar^ the killing of a chauffeur in the lun 
aitoss 'Obio. Stf-am "whistles tooted wel- 
come and people turned out all along 
the line to cheer the convoy. MeilB were 
supplied by the county Red Cross unit. 

t'pon teaching . Allegheny County on 
schedule time a bugle corps'- of Boy 
Scchjts met the train and it wa.« es- 
corted along^ a- deoorated route. Pitts- 
buTR officials in motor cars also joined 
irr tife' line of jwirade. The trucks were 
parked ;in a re<)uisitioned building and 
pireH mechanical attention. Crews were 
hOMed- and - fe<l in the artillerj' armory. 
The triin wa« parsed on to the next- 
county lilie, Westmofeland, under pa- 
triotic escort. 

Here the triumphal progress was con- 
tinued and the train was sped to the 
Somerset County line, where , it ' was 
given a similar ovation and similar swb-. 
stantial attention. The passage throug'.i 
Bedfordv Fulton, Franklin and Adams 
counties was a repetition of these en- 
thusiastic receptions. 

Christmas Celebration 

The Chrislmaa celebration was made 
a big feature in JJedford County, ,wi;h 
plenty of good cheer and entertainment 
prai'ided by that county's Committee oi 
Public Safety. In each county the. roads 
hid been cleared of all obstacles, and 
through the co-operation of the St.ite 
Highway Department the surfacing was 
in hrst-class condition. Th* route fol- 
lowed is part of the famous Lincoln 
highway. 



30 



PI. Laos SMS 



FIrat to Make Effective Co- 
ordination of Effort With 
Government Authorities 



Secretary Wilson Expresses 
Gratification Because of 
Accomplishment 



IXQVIKHR BUREAV. XStO F STRBBT _ 

WASHIXGTON. D. C, Jan. 27.- 
Pcixnsylvania is the first StaU in, tJie 
Union to make effective the progrtmme 
JoT' co-ordinating "Federal ' atxi State ef- 
foTtn to Birpply war industries /with la- 
bop, atcording to a titRtMoent issued" by 
the'-Bermr^iDent of Labor today. 

This co-ordination has been successful- 
ly effect^ by the employinent service of 
labor and industn,' and the civiiian seirv- 
ice and labor department of the State 



Committee of .Public Safety, which, are 
no-^r •workirrj? together throughout Peru^- 
sjlvania irnder the direction oF Btfeijr C 
Felton, fomeriy president of the Penn- 
sylvRnia Steel, Company and in .cJrerge 
of the civilian 'service of the State ^ar.^ty 
CSoramittee. 

Mr. Ifelton holds the appointinent 66 
Tederal Uij-ector of Employment for 
Pennsybrania from the Department of 
Labor. Officiala of the State and Safety 
Committee' concerned \vith this amalga- 
mated service are aisb beincr given Feder- 
al status in prder that', the unification 
may be furthered. 

Other States Will Follow 
The' example set ,ln Pennsyhjuiiais ex- 
pected to be followed, by ^very other 
State; a number of which- are already, or- 
Kanizji»i5 labor exchanges in .which Fed- 
eral a(nd State employment officers ' have 
joiriey forcea. More than 20p Federftl 
and State .employment offices are al- 
ready reported hy tho Department of 
Labor aa being m operation, and the 
early establishment oi spme fifty addi- 
tional a&ialgamsted offices is projected. 

ITnder th^ national war labor pro- 
(TaJnme, of which Secretary of Labor 
Wilson is now . National Labor .Adminis- 
trator, the Departmeat- of Labor has 
been giveh complete charge of every 
phase of the war lubcrr problem. The 
distribuJioTi of labor is in the hands of 
tho United States Kinployment Service. 

Secretary Wilson e.xpi^ssed gratification 
in hie today's statement at the co-opora- 
tion_ given by employe* a aiid business 
men's organizations in Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh and other industrial cities 
of Pennsj'lvania to the Federal service 
and its work. 



31 



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